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Emerging Role of CD44 Receptor as a Potential Target in Disease Diagnosis: A Patent Review
Shweta Pandey1, Asiya Mahtab1, Nishant Rai2
1Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi- 110 062. India.
Background:
The CD44 receptor is a cell surface glycoprotein, which mediates many physiological and pathological activities. Its key role is to provide defence against inflammatory reactions by cellular transmigration and cell signalling. In pathological conditions, it gives destructive outcomes by mediating migration of pathogenic cells to vital organs resulting in tissue and organ damage. It binds to several ligands principally the hyaluronan.
Objective:
This review explores CD44 structure, functions, and its potential as a disease indicator and therapeutic target.
Method:
From a thorough literature review on the CD44 receptor, several patents of targeting approaches have been identified and herewith reviewed which recommend CD44-binding proteins, CD44-binding antibodies, antibody fragments, pharmaceutical compositions, as well as nucleic acids as a targeting moiety.
Result:
Applicability of CD44 overexpression and its targeting has now been extensively utilized in the disease diagnosis and real-time bio imaging of pathologic cells.
Conclusion:
A thorough understanding of CD44-receptor structure, expression and diverse functions towards different cell types would offer an opportunity to develop better therapeutic approaches in the near future by overcoming all the shortcomings of toxicity and efficacy. The present review includes recent patents of CD44 receptor targeting approaches that have been presented in the different agencies: European (EP), US, and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and a general analysis of the future developments and trends in this emerging area.
Insights
The CD44 receptor, a cell surface glycoprotein, plays roles in inflammation and disease progression. Understanding its structure and function is key to developing targeted therapies and improving disease diagnosis and bioimaging.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- The CD44 receptor is a crucial cell surface glycoprotein involved in physiological and pathological processes.
- It mediates cellular transmigration and signaling, defending against inflammation but also contributing to disease by facilitating pathogenic cell migration.
- CD44 primarily binds to hyaluronan and other ligands.
Purpose of the Study:
- This review comprehensively explores the structure and functions of the CD44 receptor.
- It investigates the potential of CD44 as a biomarker for disease indication and as a target for therapeutic interventions.
Main Methods:
- A thorough literature review was conducted to identify and analyze patents related to CD44 targeting approaches.
- Reviewed targeting moieties include CD44-binding proteins, antibodies, antibody fragments, pharmaceutical compositions, and nucleic acids.
Main Results:
- CD44 overexpression and targeted strategies are effectively employed in disease diagnosis.
- These approaches are also utilized for real-time bioimaging of pathological cells.
Conclusions:
- A deep understanding of CD44 receptor structure, expression, and cell-type-specific functions is essential for developing improved therapeutic strategies.
- Future therapeutic development aims to overcome limitations in toxicity and efficacy, informed by recent patent analyses and emerging trends in CD44 receptor targeting.
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