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Maxillary Hypoplasia: Differential Diagnosis of Nasal Obstruction in Infants

Amanda Lucas da Costa1, Denise Manica, Michelle Manzini

  • 1*Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) †Division of Otolaryngology, HCPA ‡Division of Radiology, HCPA §Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) ||Department of Surgery, UFRGS ¶Division of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, HCPA #Department of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|September 12, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Maxillary hypoplasia (MH) can cause infant respiratory issues and congenital nasal obstruction. Infants with MH show significantly narrower nasal cavities compared to controls, suggesting MH as a diagnosis for nasal obstruction.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Maxillary hypoplasia (MH) is a rare condition causing infant respiratory dysfunction, often linked to genetic issues or isolated.
  • MH is a key consideration in diagnosing congenital nasal obstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case series of infants diagnosed with MH.
  • To compare computed tomography (CT) measurements of nasal cavities in infants with and without MH.
  • To describe the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for infantile MH.

Main Methods:

  • A case series of 8 infants with MH admitted between 2012-2015.
  • Bedside nasal endoscopy for initial assessment.
  • CT measurements of nasal cavity width compared to 8 age- and sex-matched controls.

Main Results:

  • All measured nasal cavity dimensions were significantly smaller in infants with MH.
  • Nasal endoscopy revealed nasal cavity narrowing in infants with MH.

Conclusions:

  • Infants with nasal obstruction and narrowed nasal cavities on endoscopy should be evaluated for MH.
  • MH diagnosis can be supported by CT-based measurements of nasal cavity dimensions.

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