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Long-lived force patterns and deformation waves at repulsive epithelial boundaries.

Pilar Rodríguez-Franco1, Agustí Brugués1, Ariadna Marín-Llauradó1,2

  • 1Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain.

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Tissue boundaries form through long-range mechanical events, not just local cell actions. These global physical forces maintain tissue separation, crucial for homeostasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Tissue engineering

Background:

  • Cellular homeostasis requires physical boundaries between distinct cell types.
  • Boundary formation is typically attributed to local cellular mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of global mechanical events in tissue boundary formation and maintenance.
  • To determine if boundary formation involves long-range physical phenomena beyond local cellular interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Studied epithelial monolayers expressing EphB2 and ephrinB1.
  • Analyzed traction forces and intercellular stresses at the boundary.
  • Observed deformation waves propagating from the boundary.

Main Results:

  • Epithelial monolayers showed oscillatory forces and stresses pulling adhesions away from the boundary.
  • Monolayers jammed, with deformation waves emerging and propagating away from the boundary.
  • Similar phenomena observed during boundary formation with inert interfaces and homotypic epithelial fusion.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue boundary formation and maintenance involve long-lived, long-ranged mechanical events.
  • Global physical mechanisms sustain tissue separation independently of local biochemical and mechanical boundary features.