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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

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When does it pay off to prime for defense? A modeling analysis.

Jacob C Douma1,2, Peter J Vermeulen1, Erik H Poelman2

  • 1Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.

The New Phytologist
|September 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plants can prepare for future insect attacks through priming, a defense mechanism with low energy costs. Environmental factors like herbivore behavior and light competition significantly influence the effectiveness and optimal strategy of plant priming for enhanced fitness.

Keywords:
communityfitnessinsect herbivoryplant competitionprimingvolatiles

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Plants possess a defense mechanism called priming, enabling faster and stronger responses to subsequent herbivore attacks.
  • Priming involves relatively low energetic costs compared to constitutive defenses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how the fitness benefits of plant priming evolve under varying biotic conditions.
  • To investigate the influence of herbivore dynamics and environmental competition on optimal priming strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a simulation model for plant priming, parameterized using Brassica nigra data.
  • Exploration of how herbivore arrival probability, timing, feeding rates, and light competition affect priming.

Main Results:

  • Herbivore dynamics critically influence the optimal duration, investment, and fitness gains of priming.
  • Light competition can increase indirect priming costs but enhance benefits when non-primed plants suffer significant leaf loss.

Conclusions:

  • Plant priming effectiveness is highly sensitive to environmental factors and herbivore behavior.
  • Knowledge gaps exist regarding herbivore arrival rates, plant perception of attack cues, and age-dependent priming sensitivity.