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Urolithiasis is associated with an increased risk of stroke: a population-based 5-year follow-up study
Ping-Song Chou1, Wei-Pin Chang2, Yii-Her Chou3,4
1Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Insights
Urolithiasis (kidney stones) is linked to a higher risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This increased stroke risk is particularly notable in individuals over 40 years old.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Neurology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Urolithiasis is associated with cardiovascular disease.
- Limited data exists on stroke risks in urolithiasis patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between urolithiasis and stroke risk.
- To analyze longitudinal risks of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
Main Methods:
- Matched cohort study using a nationwide population database.
- Comparison between urolithiasis and non-urolithiasis cohorts.
- 5-year follow-up period.
Main Results:
- Urolithiasis cohort showed a 1.19 times higher risk of stroke.
- Increased risk for both ischemic (HR=1.16) and hemorrhagic stroke (HR=1.30).
- Elevated risk observed in men, women, and middle-aged/older adults.
Conclusions:
- Urolithiasis increases the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
- Individuals over 40 with urolithiasis face a particularly high stroke risk.
Background:
Epidemiological studies have reported an association between urolithiasis and cardiovascular disease. However, studies examining the risks of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in patients with urolithiasis are limited.
Aims And Methods:
By using a nationwide population database, we conducted a matched cohort study to investigate the association between urolithiasis and longitudinal risks of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke.
Results:
The urolithiasis and non-urolithiasis cohorts included 12 979 and 64 895 patients respectively. Of these, 728 (5.6%) and 2802 (4.3%) patients in the urolithiasis and non-urolithiasis cohorts, respectively, had a stroke during the 5-year follow-up period. The hazard ratio (HR) for stroke was 1.19 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10-1.29; P < 0.001) in the urolithiasis cohort than in the non-urolithiasis cohort after adjustment for potential confounders. The risk of both ischaemic (adjusted HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.05-1.29) and haemorrhagic stroke (adjusted HR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.03-1.64) remained significant in the urolithiasis cohort. Furthermore, the risk of stroke was significant in both men (adjusted HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.05-1.28) and women (adjusted HR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.10-1.45). Middle-aged (40-59 years; adjusted HR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.10-1.45) and older (≥60 years; adjusted HR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.03-1.27) patients had a particularly high risk of stroke.
Conclusions:
The present study detected an increased risk of both ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in patients with urolithiasis, particularly in those older than 40 years.
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