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Related Concept Videos

Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface
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Self-assembling Peptide P11-4 and Fluoride for Regenerating Enamel.

M Alkilzy1, A Tarabaih1, R M Santamaria1

  • 11 Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Centre for Oral Health, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Journal of Dental Research
|September 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Self-assembling peptide P11-4 combined with fluoride varnish offers a safe and effective noninvasive treatment for early caries, regenerating enamel and outperforming fluoride alone. This regenerative medicine approach marks a shift from restorative to therapeutic dental care.

Keywords:
dental cariesdental enamelpediatric dentistrypeptidesregenerationtooth remineralization

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative medicine
  • Biomaterials science
  • Pediatric dentistry

Background:

  • Current caries treatment often involves invasive restorative procedures.
  • Biomimetic remineralization using self-assembling peptides is a promising minimal invasive therapy for early carious lesions.
  • Self-assembling peptide P11-4 has demonstrated in vitro enhancement of remineralization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of P11-4 in combination with fluoride varnish for treating initial caries in children.
  • To compare the novel P11-4 treatment with fluoride varnish alone.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled single-blind study involving children over 5 years old with active early caries on permanent molars.
  • Participants were randomized to receive either P11-4 plus fluoride varnish (test group) or fluoride varnish alone (control group).
  • Caries assessment included laser fluorescence, visual analog scale, International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), and Nyvad caries activity criteria at baseline, 3, and 6 months post-treatment.

Main Results:

  • The P11-4 group showed statistically significant improvements in all assessed outcomes compared to the control group at 3 and 6 months.
  • Laser fluorescence and visual analog scale scores were significantly lower in the test group.
  • The test group exhibited regression in ICDAS scores and a higher conversion rate from active to inactive lesions per Nyvad criteria, with no adverse events reported.

Conclusions:

  • P11-4 combined with fluoride varnish is a safe, simple, and effective noninvasive treatment for early carious lesions, superior to fluoride varnish alone.
  • This biomimetic mineralization approach regenerates enamel tissue, prevents lesion progression, and could shift dental practice towards a therapeutic model.
  • The novel treatment may reduce the need for invasive restorative procedures, potentially extending tooth lifespan and lowering long-term healthcare costs.