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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

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A small-scale experimental study on the initial burst and the heterogeneous evolution process before CO2 BLEVE.

Mingzhi Li1, Zhenyi Liu1, Yi Zhou2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|September 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Sudden vessel rupture can cause carbon dioxide (CO2) boiling liquid expanding vapor cloud explosions (BLEVEs). This study details the CO2 BLEVE mechanism, identifying a critical 8mm relief caliber for risk management.

Keywords:
Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE)Critical relief caliberHeterogeneous nucleationHigh-speed cameraTwo-phase layer

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Safety Engineering

Background:

  • Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Cloud Explosions (BLEVEs) pose significant risks.
  • The specific mechanisms and influencing factors of CO2 BLEVEs remain incompletely understood.
  • Characterizing CO2 BLEVEs is crucial for industrial safety and risk mitigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic evolution and microphase change processes during a CO2 BLEVE.
  • To identify critical parameters and conditions that initiate and influence CO2 BLEVEs.
  • To provide insights for enhanced risk control and management strategies for CO2 containment failures.

Main Methods:

  • High-speed imaging was employed to record the ejection and microphase change processes within the vessel.
  • Pressure measurements were taken to analyze the dynamic pressure changes during the event.
  • Experimental conditions were varied to observe the influence of initial burst pressures and relief caliber size.

Main Results:

  • Pressure peaks exceeding initial values were observed within 20ms, indicating the initiation sequence for CO2 BLEVE.
  • A critical relief caliber of 8mm was identified at initial burst pressures of 3 and 5MPa.
  • Heterogeneous nucleation centers formed approximately 52ms post-rupture, leading to a secondary pressure peak, though its direct link to BLEVE initiation requires further study.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates key stages in the CO2 BLEVE process, including rapid pressure increases and nucleation.
  • The identified critical relief caliber is vital for preventing or mitigating CO2 BLEVE events.
  • Further research is needed to fully establish the connection between heterogeneous nucleation and the BLEVE phenomenon under various conditions.