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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

871
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
871
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

309
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
309
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

582
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
582
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

750
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
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Morphologic variability of the mitral valve leaflets.

Agata Krawczyk-Ożóg1, Mateusz K Hołda2, Danuta Sorysz3

  • 1HEART-Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; 2nd Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, University Hospital, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|September 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Mitral valve anatomy variations, particularly in the posterior leaflet

Keywords:
accessory scallopbicuspid valvecleftsconnected scallopshuman heartindentationsmitral leafletsmitral valve

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Layer Microdissection of Tricuspid Valve Leaflets for Biaxial Mechanical Characterization and Microstructural Quantification
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Anatomy
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • Mitral valve repair procedures are advancing.
  • Understanding mitral valve anatomy is crucial for these procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Characterize morphologic variability of mitral valve leaflets.
  • Provide measurements of specific mitral valve parts.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 200 autopsied human hearts.
  • Measured mitral annulus diameters.
  • Identified leaflets, scallops, and commissures.

Main Results:

  • Variations found in 27.5% of posterior mitral leaflets.
  • Variations include accessory scallops and fused scallops.
  • Anterior mitral leaflet variations were less common (2.5%).

Conclusions:

  • Mitral valve anatomy includes 2 leaflets with potential scallop variants.
  • Posterior leaflet variations are most common, often involving accessory scallops.
  • Leaflet variations can impact repair but are not predictable by annular size.