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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

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Tumour virus epidemiology.

Ruth M Lunn1, Gloria D Jahnke1, Charles S Rabkin2

  • 1Office of the Report on Carcinogens, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|September 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eight human viruses cause over 20 cancer types, contributing to 10-12% of global cancer incidence. Immunosuppression and vulnerable populations in low-income countries face higher risks from these oncogenic viruses.

Keywords:
cancerepidemiologyviruses

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Viral oncology research began in 1911 with Peyton Rous's discovery of a viral cause for chicken tumors.
  • Eight human viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus and Hepatitis B virus, are linked to over 20 human cancers.
  • These oncogenic viruses contribute to 10-12% of all cancers, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the link between human viruses and cancer development.
  • To highlight the global burden and transmission of oncogenic viruses.
  • To identify populations at increased risk for viral-associated cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and current research on viral oncogenesis.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on cancer incidence and viral infections.
  • Discussion of transmission routes and risk factors for viral infections.

Main Results:

  • Eight specific human viruses are confirmed causes of various cancers.
  • Cancer burden from these viruses is higher in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Immunosuppression significantly elevates the risk of persistent infection and cancer development.
  • Vulnerable populations, including children, MSM, PWID, and FSWs, are at greatest risk.

Conclusions:

  • Human oncogenic viruses represent a significant global health challenge.
  • Understanding transmission and risk factors is crucial for prevention and control.
  • Targeted interventions are needed for vulnerable populations, especially in resource-limited settings.