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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Tumour viruses and innate immunity.

Sharon E Hopcraft1,2, Blossom Damania3,2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|September 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Human tumor viruses are detected by host cells using pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). These viruses employ diverse strategies to evade the innate immune system, highlighting a critical host-pathogen interaction.

Keywords:
EBVHCVHPVKSHVinnate immunitytumour virus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Host cells detect viral infections using pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
  • PRRs are crucial for initiating innate immune responses against viral pathogens.
  • Human tumor viruses are a significant group of viruses with oncogenic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the detection of human tumor viruses by PRRs.
  • To elucidate the signaling pathways activated by PRRs upon viral detection.
  • To describe the mechanisms tumor viruses use to evade innate immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on PRRs, PAMPs, and viral immune evasion.
  • Analysis of signaling cascades initiated by PRR activation.
  • Compilation of known viral strategies to counteract innate immune responses.

Main Results:

  • Human tumor viruses are recognized by various PRRs, including those sensing viral proteins and nucleic acids.
  • Tumor viruses utilize multiple mechanisms to evade PRR-mediated innate immunity.
  • Evasion strategies include downregulating PRRs, inhibiting signaling, and disrupting transcription factor activation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding PRR recognition and viral evasion mechanisms is key to combating tumor virus infections.
  • Targeting viral immune evasion strategies may offer new therapeutic avenues.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of the interplay between tumor viruses and the host innate immune system.