Resilient Energy Storage under High-Temperature with In-Situ-Synthesized MnO_x@Graphene as Anode

An novel exfoliation strategy to few-layered graphene (FLG) combined with in situ synthesized amorphous MnO_x has been established via a facile and robust ball milling route in the presence of KMnO₄. The facile synthesis approach has the features of low cost, environmentally friendly nature and scalable capability. As an anode for lithium-ion batteries, amorphous MnO_x@FLG delivered a wonderful electrochemical performance under extremely operational conditions, that is, an excellent reversible capacity of 856 mAh g^-1 at a high current density of 1 A g^-1 after 75 cycles under a high temperature of 85 °C. Those excellent electrochemical performances could be ascribed to elaborately designed three-dimensional nanostructure, the well-chosen electrolyte, significant incorporation of in situ Mn(IV) nanocrystal and few-layered graphene, and the contribution of pseudocapacitance. Remarkable electrochemical performance under a widely operational temperature window makes the amorphous MnO_x@FLG composites promising anode of Li-ion batteries for heavy-duty application.