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Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
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Graphene Oxide: An All-in-One Processing Additive for 3D Printing.

Esther García-Tuñón1,2, Ezra Feilden1, Han Zheng1

  • 1Centre for Advanced Structural Ceramics, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines , Prince Consort Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2BP, U.K.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 13, 2017
PubMed
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Graphene oxide (GO) enables water-based pastes for 3D printing diverse materials like polymers, ceramics, and steel via robocasting. This approach offers a clean, flexible method for advanced materials manufacturing.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • 3D printing relies on specialized inks and pastes for object fabrication.
  • Controlling rheological properties is crucial for successful 3D printing processes like robocasting.
  • Existing formulations often lack flexibility, robustness, or broad material applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate graphene oxide (GO) as a key component for formulating versatile water-based pastes for 3D printing.
  • To explore the rheological behavior of GO-based suspensions for various materials.
  • To demonstrate the potential of GO in enabling clean, flexible, and robust additive manufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized robocasting (continuous extrusion) for 3D printing.
Keywords:
2D colloids3D printingand oscillatory rheologycomplex fluidsprocessing

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  • Employed flow and oscillatory rheology to analyze suspension behavior.
  • Formulated water-based pastes using only graphene oxide and the material of interest.

    • Main Results:

    • Graphene oxide (GO) successfully facilitated the 3D printing of polymers, ceramics, and steel using robocasting.
    • GO-based pastes exhibited desirable rheological properties: shear-thinning flow and rapid elastic property recovery.
    • GO acted as a dispersant, viscosifier, and binder, stabilizing suspensions and enhancing green strength.

    Conclusions:

    • Graphene oxide is a highly effective additive for creating high-performance, water-based printing pastes.
    • This GO-enabled approach offers a versatile and green solution for 3D printing diverse materials.
    • The use of 2D colloids like GO shows significant potential for advancing materials manufacturing technologies.