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Aged blood factors decrease cellular responses associated with delayed gingival wound repair.

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Aging impairs gingival wound healing due to decreased cell proliferation and myofibroblastic differentiation. Serum from middle-aged and aged individuals contains factors that promote cellular senescence and hinder healing responses, unlike serum from young donors.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Regenerative Medicine
  • Cellular Biology and Tissue Repair

Background:

  • Aging is associated with a decline in cellular and organismal functions, notably impacting wound healing processes.
  • Impaired gingival wound healing is observed in aged individuals, necessitating investigation into underlying cellular mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo and in vitro cellular responses during gingival wound healing across different age groups.
  • To determine the effect of serum factors from young, middle-aged, and aged donors on gingival fibroblast behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a rat gingival repair model and primary human gingival fibroblasts.
  • Assessed cell proliferation (Ki67, DNA content), myofibroblastic differentiation (α-SMA), and senescence markers (β-galactosidase, γ-H2A.X).
  • Analyzed serum levels of growth factors (PDGF, VEGF), IL-6R, and cytokines (MCP-1, TNF).

Main Results:

  • Old rats exhibited decreased cell proliferation (Ki67 staining) in gingival wounds compared to young rats.
  • Middle-aged and aged serum reduced gingival fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblastic differentiation (α-SMA) compared to young serum.
  • Serum from older donors contained lower PDGF, VEGF, IL-6R, and higher MCP-1, TNF, and induced senescence in young fibroblasts.

Conclusions:

  • Serum factors in middle-aged and aged individuals negatively impact gingival fibroblast function, contributing to impaired wound healing.
  • Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and senescence-inducing factors in older serum play a role in age-related healing deficits.