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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment
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Improving the community-temperature index as a climate change indicator.

Diana Bowler1, Katrin Böhning-Gaese1,2

  • 1Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

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|September 13, 2017
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Summary

Climate change indicators like the community temperature index (CTI) can be misleading. A new model-based approach better separates temperature effects from other species attributes, improving climate change impact assessments.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Biodiversity Research

Background:

  • Climate change indicators assess impacts on species and communities.
  • Community Temperature Index (CTI) tracks shifts in species' temperature preferences.
  • CTI trends may be confounded by other species attributes beyond temperature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel model-based approach to disentangle temperature effects from other species attributes on CTI.
  • To improve the accuracy of climate change impact assessments using ecological indicators.
  • To test the robustness of CTI trends against confounding environmental drivers.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a model-based approach to separate species' temperature preferences from other attributes influencing abundance.
  • Applied the model to long-term population data of Danish breeding birds and North Sea demersal fish.
  • Compared trends derived from the new model with those from the traditional CTI approach.

Main Results:

  • Differences observed in CTI trends between the original and the model-based approaches.
  • The novel method highlights potential misinterpretations of climate change impacts with the standard CTI.
  • Demonstrated that other species attributes can significantly influence CTI trends.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model-based approach offers a more robust assessment of climate change impacts.
  • Findings suggest re-evaluating CTI trends to account for confounding factors.
  • The method enhances the reliability of ecological indicators for climate change research.