Decoding finger movement in humans using synergy of EEG cortical current signals

The synchronized activity of neuronal populations across multiple distant brain areas may reflect coordinated interactions of large-scale brain networks. Currently, there is no established method to investigate the temporal transitions between these large-scale networks that would allow, for example, to decode finger movements. Here we applied a matrix factorization method employing principal component and temporal independent component analyses to identify brain activity synchronizations. In accordance with previous studies investigating "muscle synergies", we refer to this activity as "brain activity synergy". Using electroencephalography (EEG), we first estimated cortical current sources (CSs) and then identified brain activity synergies within the estimated CS signals. A decoding analysis for finger movement in eight directions showed that such CS synergies provided more information for dissociating between movements than EEG sensor signals, EEG synergy, or CS signals, suggesting that temporal activation patterns of the synchronizing CSs may contain information related to motor control. A quantitative analysis of features selected by the decoders further revealed temporal transitions among the primary motor area, dorsal and ventral premotor areas, pre-supplementary motor area, and supplementary motor area, which may reflect transitions in motor planning and execution. These results provide a proof of concept for brain activity synergy estimation using CSs.