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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

2.8K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
3.7K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
16.5K
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

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Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
2.9K
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

4.2K
All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
4.2K
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

17.4K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
11:34

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: April 11, 2025

877

Regulatory Dendritic Cells.

Katsuaki Sato1,2, Tomofumi Uto3,4, Tomohiro Fukaya3,4

  • 1Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan. katsuaki_sato@med.miyazaki-u.ac.jp.

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|September 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are key immune regulators. This study introduces regulatory DCs (DCreg), a novel type of modified DC with enhanced immunoregulatory properties for treating immune disorders.

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Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
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Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial antigen-presenting cells (APCs) regulating innate and adaptive immunity.
  • DCs modulate immune responses, promoting tolerance or activation based on context.
  • Tolerogenic DCs can be generated using immunosuppressive agents, inducing T-cell anergy and regulatory T cells (Treg).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a novel modified dendritic cell, termed regulatory DCs (DCreg).
  • To compare the immunoregulatory properties of DCreg with classical tolerogenic DCs.
  • To explore the potential of DCreg in managing T-cell-mediated immune disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of modified DCs (DCreg) with high MHC and low costimulatory molecule expression.
  • Assessment of DCreg characteristics, including MHC and costimulatory molecule levels.
  • Evaluation of DCreg immunoregulatory functions, including T-cell activation, anergy, and Treg induction.

Main Results:

  • DCreg exhibit moderately high MHC levels and defective costimulatory molecule expression.
  • DCreg demonstrate superior immunoregulatory properties compared to classical tolerogenic DCs.
  • DCreg effectively induce T-cell anergy and regulatory T cells (Treg).

Conclusions:

  • DCreg represent a promising tool for Ag-specific immunotherapy.
  • Modified DCs with specific MHC and costimulatory molecule profiles offer enhanced immunoregulatory potential.
  • DCreg hold potential for treating T-cell-mediated immune disorders and maintaining immune homeostasis.