Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

10.8K
The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
10.8K
The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

11.2K
The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
11.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The renin-angiotensin system is activated by short-term, but repressed by long-term growth hormone excess.

European journal of endocrinology·2026
Same author

Cardiovascular effects of metyrapone treatment in patients with mild autonomous cortisol secretion: a secondary analysis.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Hetairos is a histology-based artificial intelligence model for predicting central nervous system tumor methylation subtypes.

Nature cancer·2026
Same author

Glioblastoma radiomics can delineate systemic immune activity states like blood abundance of T cell populations or transcription factors.

Journal of neuroinflammation·2026
Same author

Long-term safety and efficacy of pegvisomant monotherapy for acromegaly: final data from the full ACROSTUDY cohort.

Pituitary·2026
Same author

TET CpG sequence-context-specific DNA demethylation shapes progression of IDH-mutant gliomas.

Cell reports. Medicine·2026
Same journal

Clinician decision-making in non-functioning pituitary adenomas: an Australian and New Zealand interdisciplinary survey study.

Pituitary·2026
Same journal

Does persistent hyperprolactinemia contribute to bone loss independently of estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women?

Pituitary·2026
Same journal

Gauze swabbing technique for safe dissection of pituitary tumors.

Pituitary·2026
Same journal

Postoperative changes in circulating brain injury biomarkers in relation to long-term fatigue and cognitive outcomes after surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas.

Pituitary·2026
Same journal

Pituitary metastasis as an endocrine-neuro-ophthalmologic emergency: clinical red flags and outcomes from a contemporary tertiary-center series.

Pituitary·2026
Same journal

GH responsiveness to corticotropin-releasing hormone identifies corticotroph-like somatotroph adenomas in acromegaly.

Pituitary·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

19.9K

MGMT and MSH6 immunoexpression for functioning pituitary macroadenomas.

Alexander S G Micko1, Adelheid Wöhrer2, Romana Höftberger2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1097, Vienna, Austria.

Pituitary
|September 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low MGMT immunoexpression in functioning pituitary macroadenomas is linked to recurrence and invasiveness. This finding may help predict tumor behavior and guide treatment strategies for aggressive pituitary adenomas.

Keywords:
Aggressive pituitary adenomaMGMTMSH6TMZ

More Related Videos

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice
10:38

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Published on: December 17, 2010

12.0K
Dissection and Coronal Slice Preparation of Developing Mouse Pituitary Gland
06:53

Dissection and Coronal Slice Preparation of Developing Mouse Pituitary Gland

Published on: November 16, 2017

18.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

19.9K
Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice
10:38

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Published on: December 17, 2010

12.0K
Dissection and Coronal Slice Preparation of Developing Mouse Pituitary Gland
06:53

Dissection and Coronal Slice Preparation of Developing Mouse Pituitary Gland

Published on: November 16, 2017

18.7K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Oncology
  • Molecular Biology and Pathology

Background:

  • Functioning pituitary macroadenomas require understanding of biological behavior for effective clinical management.
  • Temozolomide (TMZ) is a therapeutic option for recurrent pituitary adenomas resistant to standard treatments.
  • MGMT (O6-methyl-guanine-DNA methyltransferase) and MSH6 (mutS homolog 6) immunoexpression are investigated for their role in TMZ response and tumor recurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prognostic significance of MGMT and MSH6 immunoexpression in aggressive functioning pituitary macroadenomas.
  • To determine if MGMT and MSH6 expression levels can predict tumor behavior, such as recurrence and invasiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of a single-center cohort of 76 patients with functioning pituitary macroadenomas.
  • Comparison between 38 patients with persistent/recurrent disease and 38 patients in endocrine remission post-surgery.
  • Assessment of MGMT and MSH6 immunoexpression levels in tumor samples.

Main Results:

  • Low-to-moderate MGMT immunoexpression (<50%) was significantly more prevalent in patients with persistent or recurrent disease (66%) compared to those in remission (21%, p < 0.001).
  • Adenomas with low-to-moderate MGMT immunoexpression showed significantly higher rates of recurrence (76% vs. 30%, p < 0.001) and invasiveness (64% vs. 28%, p = 0.002).
  • No significant correlation was found for MSH6 immunoexpression in this cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Low-to-moderate MGMT immunoexpression is a significant predictor of surgical invasiveness and recurrence in functioning pituitary macroadenomas.
  • MGMT status may serve as a valuable biomarker for understanding the biological aggressiveness of pituitary adenomas.
  • Further research into MGMT's role could refine prognostic assessments and therapeutic strategies for pituitary tumors.