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Hyperventilation and panic disorder.

D S Cowley1, P P Roy-Byrne

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle.

The American Journal of Medicine
|November 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Hyperventilation syndrome and panic disorder are closely linked, with many patients exhibiting symptoms of both. A shared hypersensitive central "alarm" system may cause panic and hyperventilation, which then reinforce each other.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Hyperventilation syndrome and panic disorder are common, serious, and treatable.
  • Both conditions share similar symptoms and physiological underpinnings.
  • Psychological factors play a significant role in hyperventilation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the strong association between hyperventilation syndrome and panic disorder.
  • To explore the shared underlying mechanisms and a potential common diagnosis.
  • To discuss the clinical implications of this link.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on symptom similarity and physiological evidence.
  • Analysis of hyperventilation's role in panic episodes and vice versa.
  • Examination of treatment outcomes, particularly breathing retraining.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Significant overlap exists, with approximately 50% of patients in each group showing evidence of both disorders.
  • Hyperventilation can provoke panic-like symptoms, and panic episodes often involve hyperventilation.
  • A positive feedback loop between panic and hyperventilation is postulated, possibly due to a hypersensitive central alarm system.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperventilation syndrome and panic disorder are strongly associated and may represent the same underlying disorder.
  • A shared biological and genetic hypersensitivity of a central alarm system is proposed.
  • Treatments targeting any part of the panic-hyperventilation feedback loop are likely effective.