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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design

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Societal Conditions and the Gender Difference in Well-Being: Testing a Three-Stage Model.

Miron Zuckerman¹, Chen Li¹, Edward F Diener²

¹1 University of Rochester, NY, USA.

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin

|September 15, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Societal conditions impact gender differences in well-being. Women

Keywords:

gender difference societal conditions well-being

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Sociology
Gender Studies

Background:

Previous research indicated a quadratic relationship between societal conditions favorable to women and gender differences in self-esteem.
This suggests that as societal conditions improve for women, their self-esteem relative to men initially decreases before increasing again.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if these quadratic relations extend to broader measures of subjective well-being.
Specifically, to examine the association between societal conditions and gender differences in life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative emotion.

Main Methods:

The study analyzed data to assess the relationship between societal conditions and gender differences in subjective well-being.
Statistical methods were employed to identify linear and quadratic trends.

Main Results:

A quadratic relationship was observed between improving societal conditions and gender differences in life satisfaction and positive affect.
Women reported lower life satisfaction and positive affect than men when societal conditions were moderately favorable.
A linear relationship was found for negative emotion, with women reporting more negative emotions than men as societal conditions improved.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that the impact of societal conditions on gender differences in well-being is complex and non-linear for some aspects.
The quadratic pattern observed in self-esteem may generalize to life satisfaction and positive affect.
Future research should explore the underlying mechanisms driving these observed gender differences in well-being.