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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

A Blood-based Test for the Detection of ROS1 and RET Fusion Transcripts from Circulating Ribonucleic Acid Using Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction
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A Blood-based Test for the Detection of ROS1 and RET Fusion Transcripts from Circulating Ribonucleic Acid Using Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction

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ROS1 [corrected].

Prodipto Pal1, Zanobia Khan2

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network - University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Journal of Clinical Pathology
|September 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary

ROS1 gene rearrangements occur in lung cancer and other tumors. Detecting these ROS1 fusions is crucial for targeted therapy with drugs like crizotinib.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • ROS1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in carcinogenesis.
  • Gene rearrangements in ROS1 are found in 1-2% of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and various other cancers.
  • Constitutive activation of ROS1 fusions drives cellular proliferation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of clinical findings related to ROS1.
  • To summarize current detection methods for ROS1 in clinical laboratories.
  • To discuss the role of ROS1 in NSCLC and other malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical studies and diagnostic techniques.
  • Analysis of detection methods including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), real-time PCR, sequencing, and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Keywords:
cancercancer geneticslung cancer

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  • Review of therapeutic strategies targeting ROS1, such as crizotinib.

    • Main Results:

    • ROS1 rearrangements are identified in NSCLC and a spectrum of other tumors.
    • Multiple validated methods exist for detecting ROS1 fusions in clinical settings.
    • Crizotinib demonstrates efficacy as a ROS1 inhibitor, with FDA approval for advanced NSCLC.

    Conclusions:

    • ROS1 fusion detection is clinically relevant for targeted cancer therapy.
    • Accurate detection methods are essential for patient management in NSCLC and other ROS1-driven tumors.
    • Targeted inhibition of ROS1 offers a promising therapeutic avenue.