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Updated: Feb 23, 2026

A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
Published on: February 7, 2015
Alfons J H M Houben1,2, Remy J H Martens3,4, Coen D A Stehouwer3,2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and b.houben@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
Microvascular dysfunction (MVD) is a key factor in cardiometabolic and renal diseases, leading to increased cardiovascular risk. This review covers noninvasive methods to assess microvascular function in chronic conditions.
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