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Variable setpoint as a relaxing component in physiological control.

Geir B Risvoll1, Kristian Thorsen1, Peter Ruoff2

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.

Physiological Reports
|September 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physiological setpoints are re-examined, revealing that homeostatic controllers with saturable signaling act as variable setpoint controllers. This framework better explains physiological variations and reduces control action needs.

Keywords:
Integral controlnegative feedbackrheostasissodium homeostasisvariable setpoint

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Systems Biology
  • Biochemical Engineering

Background:

  • The concept of physiological setpoints, whether fixed or variable, remains a long-standing question in biological regulation.
  • Homeostatic controller motifs are fundamental to understanding physiological stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe homeostatic controller motifs with saturable signaling kinetics as variable setpoint controllers.
  • To define an operational space characterizing variations in controlled, manipulated, and perturbation variables.
  • To investigate how this operational space constrains motif parameters for accurate regulatory system modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling of homeostatic controller motifs incorporating saturable signaling kinetics.
  • Definition and analysis of an 'operational space' based on variable physiological parameters.
  • Investigation of controller parameter constraints within the operational space.
  • Analysis of disturbance compensation and comparison between fixed and variable setpoint controllers.

Main Results:

  • Homeostatic controller motifs with saturable signaling kinetics can be mathematically described as variable setpoint controllers.
  • A defined operational space reveals constraints on motif parameters for regulatory system modeling.
  • Variable setpoint controllers exhibit reduced control action compared to fixed setpoint controllers, potentially offering evolutionary advantages.
  • The renal sodium and aldosterone regulatory system serves as a model, interpreting plasma sodium variations as a variable setpoint system.

Conclusions:

  • Variable setpoint controllers provide a more comprehensive characterization of physiological changes than fixed setpoint models.
  • The concept of an operational space is crucial for understanding the parameter constraints of regulatory motifs.
  • The 'relaxing' property of variable setpoints may be evolutionarily significant for efficient biological regulation.
  • Observed variations in plasma sodium levels are consistent with a variable setpoint regulatory system.