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Winter bait stations as a multispecies survey tool.

Lacy Robinson1,2, Samuel A Cushman3, Michael K Lucid1

  • 1Idaho Department of Fish and Game Coeur d'Alene ID USA.

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|September 15, 2017
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Summary

Winter bait stations effectively monitor wildlife. Cameras excel at species detection, while hair DNA aids individual identification. Optimize deployment duration and elevation for best results.

Keywords:
diversitymonitoringsampling

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Area of Science:

  • Wildlife ecology
  • Conservation biology
  • Population monitoring

Background:

  • Winter bait stations are increasingly used for multispecies wildlife inventory.
  • A technical evaluation of their effectiveness for various components is lacking.
  • This study addresses the need for effectiveness data in bait station design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of remote cameras and DNA hair snares in winter bait stations for species and individual animal detection.
  • To identify factors influencing DNA viability and detection success.
  • To assess the impact of re-visiting stations, elevation, seasonality, and latency on detection.

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale study (22,975 km²) in mountainous terrain across Idaho, Washington, Montana, and British Columbia.
  • 563 sampling sessions conducted at 497 bait stations between 2010-2014.
  • Evaluation of camera and hair snare data, considering deployment time, elevation, seasonality, and latency.

Main Results:

  • Cameras were more effective than hair snares for detecting multiple species.
  • Increased deployment time and elevation improved genetic species identification success.
  • Early-season hair collection enhanced individual identification rates; re-visiting stations increased genotype counts but not species detections.

Conclusions:

  • Bait station designs should include mixed elevations and stratified seasonality for multispecies monitoring.
  • Cameras are prioritized over hair snares unless individual genetic identification is a specific goal.
  • Optimal deployment is 45-60 days, with hair collection before rain, and broader landscape deployment is more effective than re-visiting sites.