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Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction with Firefighting Contained Breathing Apparatus.

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Firefighters using self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) do not experience worse exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) testing may help screen asthmatic individuals for EIB risk during SCBA use.

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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Occupational Health
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) provides cold, dry air, potentially worsening exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in susceptible individuals.
  • Firefighters and others using SCBA may be at risk for EIB due to breathing apparatus air quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of SCBA use during exercise on airway caliber in individuals with asthma and healthy controls.
  • To determine if SCBA exacerbates exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB).

Main Methods:

  • Two exercise challenges (EC) were conducted: one with room air (ECRA) and one with SCBA (ECSCBA).
  • Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was measured pre- and post-exercise.
  • Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to mannitol was assessed in asthma subjects.

Main Results:

  • Asthma subjects positive for BHR showed a significantly greater fall in FEV1 after ECSCBA compared to mannitol-negative asthmatics and controls.
  • No significant difference in FEV1 response was observed between ECRA and ECSCBA across all groups.
  • Absence of BHR to mannitol was highly sensitive (100% negative predictive value) for identifying individuals who did not experience EIB with SCBA.

Conclusions:

  • SCBA use during exercise does not increase the likelihood or severity of EIB in individuals with BHR.
  • Asthma subjects without BHR to mannitol did not exhibit EIB during SCBA exercise.
  • Mannitol BHR testing can serve as a useful screening tool for individuals with asthma history to identify potential EIB risk with SCBA.