Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

4.8K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
4.8K
Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

589
Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
589
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

426
Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any...
426
Control System Problem01:21

Control System Problem

457
In an open-loop system, such as a basic thermostat, the poles of the transfer function influence the system's response but do not determine its stability. However, when feedback is introduced to form a closed-loop system, such as an advanced thermostat that adjusts heating based on room temperature, stability is governed by the new poles of the closed-loop transfer function.
When forming a closed-loop system, issues can arise if the poles cross into the unstable region, leading to potential...
457
Transfer Function in Control Systems01:21

Transfer Function in Control Systems

1.7K
The transfer function is a fundamental concept in the analysis and design of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It offers a concise way to understand how a system responds to different inputs in the frequency domain. It serves as a bridge between the time-domain differential equations that describe system dynamics and the frequency-domain representation that facilitates easier manipulation and analysis.
To derive the transfer function, consider a general nth-order linear time-invariant...
1.7K
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

2.0K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nomination of controls of various layouts for heavy machinery.

Work (Reading, Mass.)·2019
Same author

Determining the validity of the visual field principle for designing control/display arrangements.

Applied ergonomics·2019
Same author

Models of the effect of teleoperation transmission delay on robot movement time.

Ergonomics·2019
Same author

Movement time and guidance accuracy in teleoperation of robotic vehicles.

Ergonomics·2019
Same author

Reach/Grasp Times with Lateral Reach Obstructions.

Journal of motor behavior·2018
Same author

Children's Control/Display Stereotypes.

Human factors·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control
08:18

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

Published on: August 15, 2020

5.5K

Control Strategy in Movements with Transmission Delay.

Errol R Hoffmann1, Shilpa Karri1

  • 1a Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Melbourne , Australia.

Journal of Motor Behavior
|September 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Participants used a move-and-wait strategy in Fitts

Keywords:
Fitts' lawcontrol strategymovement timeposition controltransmission delay

More Related Videos

Intermediate Strain Rate Material Characterization with Digital Image Correlation
07:59

Intermediate Strain Rate Material Characterization with Digital Image Correlation

Published on: March 1, 2019

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control
08:18

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

Published on: August 15, 2020

5.5K
Intermediate Strain Rate Material Characterization with Digital Image Correlation
07:59

Intermediate Strain Rate Material Characterization with Digital Image Correlation

Published on: March 1, 2019

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Understanding human movement strategies is crucial for designing effective interfaces and assistive technologies.
  • Transmission delay in human-computer interaction can significantly impact performance and user experience.
  • Fitts' law provides a foundational model for predicting human movement time, but its applicability with delays needs further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the movement strategies employed by participants in a Fitts' law paradigm under conditions of transmission delay.
  • To analyze how transmission delay affects movement time and the underlying submovement characteristics.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of a modified Fitts' law in describing performance with added delay.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed movements within a Fitts' movement paradigm.
  • Transmission delay was introduced between control input and display output.
  • Movement time and submovement types (step and drag) were recorded and analyzed.
  • A modified Fitts' law (Hoffmann, 1992) was used to model the data.

Main Results:

  • The modified Fitts' law accurately described the experimental data.
  • Movement time was a function of total delay time and Fitts' index of difficulty (ID).
  • The number of step submovements, indicative of a move-and-wait strategy, was the primary determinant of movement time.
  • The number of submovements increased with ID and transmission delay, showing a linear relationship with ID and the product of ID and transmission delay.

Conclusions:

  • Human participants adopt a 'move-and-wait' strategy when performing tasks with transmission delay.
  • The number of step submovements is a critical factor in movement time under delayed conditions.
  • Modified Fitts' law effectively models human performance in the presence of transmission delays, highlighting the interplay between task difficulty and system latency.