Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...

Abnormal Proliferation

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...

Disorders of Hemostasis

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.

Menses Phase

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...

Oogenesis

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Letter to the editor: Anovulatory bleeding and the spectrum of bleeding disorders: Understanding heavy menstrual bleeding in adolescents.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·2026

Same author

Appraisal of international, patient-facing resources on heavy menstrual bleeding.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·2026

Same author

Outpatient paracentesis for Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: STOP-OHSS feasibility study and RCT Synopsis.

Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)·2026

Same author

Reply: Preconception health and fertility health: overlapping, yet distinct domains.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2026

Same author

Views on outpatient paracentesis and GnRH antagonists for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a qualitative study of patients and healthcare professionals.

Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)·2026

Same author

Removal of small fibroids and polyps in patients with infertility and recurrent miscarriage: The HELP Fertility? RCT.

Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knot-Tying for Uterine Vessel Occlusion during Hysterectomy with Cervical Cerclage in Large Uteri

Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knot-Tying for Uterine Vessel Occlusion during Hysterectomy with Cervical Cerclage in Large Uteri

Published on: September 12, 2025

Abnormal uterine bleeding.

Ying Cheong^1,2, Iain T Cameron^1,2, Hilary O D Critchley³

¹Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton.

British Medical Bulletin

|September 16, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) management requires individualized care after ruling out pathology. Standardized diagnostic tools and novel monitoring are needed for better treatment stratification, especially for unclassified and endometrial causes.

Keywords:

abnormal menstrual bleeding dysfunctional menstrual bleeding heavy menstrual bleeding menstruation

More Related Videos

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes

Published on: June 27, 2025

Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis

Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis

Published on: September 1, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knot-Tying for Uterine Vessel Occlusion during Hysterectomy with Cervical Cerclage in Large Uteri

Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knot-Tying for Uterine Vessel Occlusion during Hysterectomy with Cervical Cerclage in Large Uteri

Published on: September 12, 2025

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes

Published on: June 27, 2025

Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis

Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis

Published on: September 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Gynecology
Reproductive Medicine
Clinical Obstetrics

Background:

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) are common gynecological issues.
Individualized management is key after excluding underlying pathology, focusing on symptom relief and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current understanding and identify areas for research in abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).
To highlight the need for standardized diagnostic and monitoring tools for stratified treatment.

Main Methods:

Review of peer-reviewed journals, governmental, and professional society publications.
Analysis of established diagnostic frameworks like PALM-COEIN for AUB.

Main Results:

Agreement exists on a structured diagnostic approach (PALM-COEIN).
Medical management is a primary treatment; surgery is reserved for refractory cases where fertility is not desired.
Controversy persists regarding the management of adenomyosis and leiomyoma subtypes and their reproductive impact.

Conclusions:

Standardized outcome assessment tools are under development.
Further research is crucial for developing novel diagnostic and monitoring tools to guide treatment stratification for AUB, particularly for 'unclassified' and 'endometrial' etiologies.