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Microchimerism: Defining and redefining the prepregnancy context - A review.

H S Gammill1, W E Harrington2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, United States; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States.

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|September 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Maternal and fetal cells can be exchanged during pregnancy, creating microchimerism. This cellular exchange can impact health throughout life, with many research questions remaining.

Keywords:
Maternal-fetal exchangeMicrochimerismPlacental malariaPreeclampsiaReproductive immunology

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Immunology
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Human pregnancy involves bidirectional transplacental exchange of cells between mother and fetus.
  • These exchanged cells can persist long-term, a phenomenon known as microchimerism.
  • Microchimerism can have significant short- and long-term health consequences for the recipient.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key aspects of microchimerism research.
  • To identify and propose important future research questions in the field of microchimerism.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research on microchimerism.
  • It discusses factors influencing microchimerism, such as obstetric characteristics and pregnancy complications.
  • The review also considers the impact of pre-existing microchimeric grafts on maternal health and pregnancy outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Microchimerism is influenced by various factors including pregnancy complications and infections.
  • Previously acquired microchimeric cells in women can affect preconception health and pregnancy outcomes.
  • The persistence and consequences of microchimerism are complex and multifactorial.

Conclusions:

  • Bidirectional cell exchange during pregnancy leads to microchimerism with lasting health implications.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and effects of microchimerism.
  • Addressing remaining questions in microchimerism research is crucial for advancing reproductive and developmental health.