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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Analyzing Responses of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons Using the Air-phase Electroolfactogram Recording
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Acid-sensing ion channel 1 contributes to normal olfactory function.

Kiara T Vann1, Zhi-Gang Xiong1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.

Behavioural Brain Research
|September 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) play a crucial role in olfactory function. ASIC1a knockout mice exhibit impaired olfactory behaviors, indicating its essentiality for normal smell.

Keywords:
ASICsBuried food testOlfactionOlfactory behavior

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Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

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Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Biology
  • Molecular Physiology

Background:

  • Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated cation channels.
  • ASIC1a is a significant ASIC subunit found in the brain, particularly the olfactory bulb.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the essential role of ASIC1a in normal olfactory function.
  • To evaluate the impact of ASIC1a deficiency on olfactory behaviors in mice.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three standard olfactory tests: buried food, olfactory habituation, and olfactory preference.
  • Compared olfactory behaviors between wild-type (WT) and ASIC1 knockout (ASIC1-/-) mice.
  • Administered PcTX1, an ASIC1 inhibitor, to WT mice to assess ASIC1 function.

Main Results:

  • ASIC1-/- mice showed significantly longer latency in the buried food test.
  • ASIC1-/- mice displayed increased sniffing time towards acidic odorants in habituation tests.
  • ASIC1-/- mice failed to exhibit normal avoidance behavior to TMT, a specific odorant.
  • ASIC1 inhibition with PcTX1 mimicked knockout effects in WT mice.

Conclusions:

  • ASIC1a is critical for normal olfactory perception and behavior.
  • ASIC1a plays a key role in odor detection, discrimination, and aversion.
  • Targeting ASIC1a may offer therapeutic avenues for olfactory disorders.