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Exercise and Competitive Sport: Physiology, Adaptations, and Uncertain Long-Term Risks
Patrick T Gleason1, Jonathan H Kim2
1Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, NE, Suite 502, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine
|September 16, 2017
Summary
While moderate exercise benefits cardiovascular health, intense training may paradoxically increase risks like atrial fibrillation and cardiac remodeling. Future research should explore athlete-specific factors in sports cardiology.
Area of Science:
- Sports Cardiology
- Exercise Physiology
- Cardiovascular Health
Background:
- Established benefits of regular, moderate exercise on cardiovascular outcomes.
- Sport-specific cardiac adaptations from strenuous exercise enhance athletic performance.
- Emerging concerns regarding long-term cardiovascular health from high-intensity exercise.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review physiological and hemodynamic changes during exercise.
- To discuss differential exercise-induced cardiac remodeling patterns.
- To address controversial data on high exercise levels and cardiovascular outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on exercise physiology and sports cardiology.
- Analysis of data concerning high-intensity exercise and cardiovascular health.
- Discussion of limitations in prior research and supporting evidence.
Main Results:
- High exercise levels are associated with reduced overall mortality.
- Potential increased risks include atrial fibrillation and arrhythmogenic cardiac remodeling.
- Evidence suggests accelerated coronary artery calcifications with extreme exercise.
Conclusions:
- Contemporary sports cardiology presents controversies regarding high-dose exercise.
- Shared decision-making is crucial for athletes due to existing uncertainties.
- Future research must consider athlete-specific variables for better understanding.
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