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Related Concept Videos

The Pineal Gland01:02

The Pineal Gland

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The pineal gland, a diminutive endocrine structure named for its pinecone-shaped appearance, is situated atop the third ventricle within the diencephalon region of the forebrain. This gland, composed of secretory cells known as pinealocytes arranged in compact cords and clusters around dense particles of calcium salts, plays a pivotal role in hormonal regulation.
The primary secretion of the pineal gland is the hormone melatonin, derived from serotonin. The concentration of melatonin in the...
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The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Gallbladder01:17

Gallbladder

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The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
The gallbladder's anatomy consists of three regions: the fundus, body, and neck. Extending from the neck, the cystic duct joins...
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles01:18

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

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There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen.
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Same author

[Surgical treatment of frontal lobe glial tumors. Current state of the problem. Part III: clinical, neurophysiological and surgical nuances].

Zhurnal voprosy neirokhirurgii imeni N. N. Burdenko·2026
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[Combined burr hole approach for epidermoid cysts with infra- and supratentorial extension].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Single-Entry Point Endoscopic Intraventricular Approach for Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy
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Author Spotlight: A Single-Entry Point Endoscopic Intraventricular Approach for Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy

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[Pineal cyst].

I T Abramov1, D I Pitskhelauri1, N K Serova1

  • 1Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.

Zhurnal Voprosy Neirokhirurgii Imeni N. N. Burdenko
|September 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Pineal cysts (PCs) are usually incidental findings. Current management strategies for symptomatic PCs lack standardization, necessitating further research for optimal patient care.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Pineal cysts (PCs) are benign neoplasms originating in the pineal region.
  • Most PCs are asymptomatic incidental findings.
  • Symptomatic PCs, though less common, require tailored treatment based on clinical presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of pineal cysts.
  • To identify current challenges and gaps in the established treatment protocols for PCs.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review spanning over a century (1914-2016) was conducted.
  • Data on clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic interventions for PCs were analyzed.

Main Results:

Keywords:
epiphysisheadachepineal cystpineal regionsurgical removal

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  • A significant lack of consensus exists regarding the optimal management of PC patients.
  • Indications for surgical intervention in symptomatic PCs remain ill-defined.
  • Guidelines for follow-up frequency and surveillance protocols for PCs are not established.

Conclusions:

  • There is a need for standardized approaches in managing pineal cysts.
  • Further research is crucial to define surgical indications and surveillance strategies.
  • Developing evidence-based treatment guidelines is essential for improving patient outcomes.