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Sensitive prostate specific antigen quantification using dihydrolipoic acid surface-functionalized phosphorescent

Marta García-Cortés1, María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles2, José M Costa-Fernández1

  • 1Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería 8, Oviedo 33006, Spain.

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Summary

This study developed a novel phosphorescent immunoassay for Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) detection using manganese-doped zinc sulfide quantum dots (QDs). The assay achieves high sensitivity for quantifying PSA in clinically relevant samples.

Keywords:
Bioconjugation efficiencyBiomarkerImmunoassayPhosphorescenceProstate Specific AntigenQuantum dots

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Quantum dots (QDs) offer unique optical properties for bioimaging and diagnostics.
  • Developing stable, water-dispersible QDs with robust signaling is crucial for sensitive assays.
  • Phosphorescent assays overcome limitations of traditional fluorescence detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize manganese-doped zinc sulfide quantum dots (Mn-ZnS QDs).
  • To develop a stable QD-antibody conjugate for immunoassay applications.
  • To establish a quantitative phosphorescent immunoassay for Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA).

Main Methods:

  • Facile aqueous synthesis of Mn-ZnS QDs with dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) surface modification.
  • Covalent bioconjugation of DHLA-coated QDs with anti-IgG antibodies.
  • Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation coupled with elemental mass spectrometry for bioconjugation efficiency determination.
  • Development of a sandwich-type phosphorescent immunoassay for PSA detection.

Main Results:

  • High-quality, water-stable Mn-ZnS QDs with intense phosphorescence were synthesized.
  • QD-antibody conjugates retained strong phosphorescence without spectral shifts.
  • Accurate determination of bioconjugation efficiency was achieved.
  • A PSA immunoassay with a limit of detection of 17 pg/mL was developed and validated in cellular media.
  • The assay demonstrated robustness against photoluminescent interferences.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Mn-ZnS QD-based phosphorescent immunoassay provides a sensitive and robust method for PSA quantification.
  • This approach offers advantages over conventional fluorescence-based assays, particularly in complex biological samples.
  • The study highlights the potential of long-lived phosphorescence from QDs in diagnostic applications.