Stereotactic radiosurgery of the brain: a review of common indications

Over the past half-century since Lars Leksell first utilized radiation to address deep and difficult to treat lesions of the central nervous system (CNS), intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become an increasingly valued tool in the hands of neurosurgeons and radiation oncologists. Following developments in medical imaging and radiation technology, radiosurgery has evolved from its first application in movement disorders to widespread use for a varied range of malignant and benign conditions. SRS remains a powerful, minimally invasive instrument that offers additional options for intervention to a diverse patient population. In this review, we will touch upon the common indications for SRS, including its use in brain metastases, malignant gliomas, meningiomas, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), vestibular schwannomas, pituitary adenomas, and functional disorders, as well as consider the future possibilities of combining radiosurgery with immunotherapy.