Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
07:25

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

Published on: March 6, 2018

13.9K

Targeting androgen-independent pathways: new chances for patients with prostate cancer?

C Cattrini1, E Zanardi1, G Vallome1

  • 1Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
|September 18, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) resistance in advanced prostate cancer (PC) is a major challenge. This review explores AR-independent pathways and immune evasion mechanisms driving PC progression and resistance to therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a primary treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PC).
  • Most patients develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) due to resistance to ADT.
  • Emerging therapies targeting androgen receptor signaling (ARS) and chemotherapy face challenges from primary or acquired resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review mechanisms of resistance and progression in prostate cancer.
  • To focus on alterations activating androgen receptor (AR)-independent survival pathways.
  • To assess clinical implications of agents targeting these AR-independent pathways and explore immune evasion in PC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and preclinical data.
  • Analysis of mechanisms driving resistance to ADT and ARS inhibitors.
  • Integration of data on agents targeting AR-independent pathways and immunotherapy strategies.

Main Results:

  • Prostate cancer progression is driven by AR-independent pathways.
  • Resistance mechanisms include alterations leading to AR-independent survival.
  • Immune evasion plays a significant role in PC progression and therapeutic resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding AR-independent pathways is crucial for overcoming treatment resistance in advanced prostate cancer.
  • Targeting these pathways and addressing immune evasion offers potential therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research is needed to translate findings into effective clinical applications for prostate cancer patients.
Keywords:
Androgen receptorCastration-resistant prostate cancerPhenotypic plasticityStress responseSurvival pathwaysTumor heterogeneity

More Related Videos

A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance05:19

A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance

Published on: November 7, 2025

916
Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients12:13

Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients

Published on: November 19, 2019

7.3K

Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
9.0K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
4.9K
Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
10.7K
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
8.2K
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
4.6K