Human T cells can be directed to lyse tumor targets through the alternative activation/T11-E rosette receptor pathway

We investigated the ability of human T cells to be directed to lyse murine and human tumor targets by antibodies (Ab) to the T11-E rosette (CD2) receptor. We found that the human cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone TBI-6, which is specific for the Epstein-Barr virus-transformed cell line, CM-EBV, could be directed to lyse the Fc receptor-positive murine tumor P388D1, by the combination of anti-T11(2) plus anti-T11(3) Ab. This activation and lysis was demonstrable only with an Fc receptor expressing tumor target and only with those Ab or with anti-T3 (CD3) Ab but not with other anti-T11 Ab or other Ab directed against surface structures on the clone. We therefore constructed heterodimeric Ab consisting of anti-T11(2) or anti-T11(3) Ab and the J5 anti-common acute lymphoblastic leukemic antigen (anti-CALLA) Ab. The purity and retained functional properties of the dimers were demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis on relevant cells, and by the ability of these conjugates to activate human peripheral blood lymphocytes to proliferate. These heterodimeric Ab conjugates were shown to be able to direct the lysis of CALLA+ targets by TBI-6. The specificity of this lysis was demonstrated by the inability of these heterodimers to direct the lysis of CALLA- targets by the cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone, and by the ability of excess free J5, but not an irrelevant Ab of the same isotype, to block this type of lysis. The potential clinical significance of these reagents is discussed.