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Blood Flow

Blood Flow

Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Controlled Microfluidic Environment for Dynamic Investigation of Red Blood Cell Aggregation

Controlled Microfluidic Environment for Dynamic Investigation of Red Blood Cell Aggregation

Published on: June 4, 2015

Emergent behaviors in RBCs flows in micro-channels using digital particle image velocimetry.

F Cairone¹, D Ortiz², P J Cabrales²

¹Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Science Engineering, University of Catania, Italy.

Microvascular Research

|September 18, 2017

Summary

This study simplifies microfluidic lab-on-a-chip design for blood analysis, enabling detailed RBC flow dynamics study. The findings advance in-vitro diagnostics for blood viscosity and pathological conditions.

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Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Controlled Microfluidic Environment for Dynamic Investigation of Red Blood Cell Aggregation

Controlled Microfluidic Environment for Dynamic Investigation of Red Blood Cell Aggregation

Published on: June 4, 2015

Micro-particle Image Velocimetry for Velocity Profile Measurements of Micro Blood Flows

Published on: April 25, 2013

Intravital Microscopy of the Mouse Brain Microcirculation using a Closed Cranial Window

Intravital Microscopy of the Mouse Brain Microcirculation using a Closed Cranial Window

Published on: November 18, 2010

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Fluid Dynamics
Microfluidics

Background:

Microfluidic Lab-On-a-Chips (LOCs) are crucial for blood tests, emphasizing chip geometry, system portability, and data analysis integration.
Current LOCs primarily focus on blood separation, with limited application in pathological condition diagnosis.
Understanding the relationship between red blood cell (RBC) flow and blood viscosity in micro-vessels is essential for advancing diagnostic capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish the relationship between RBC flow dynamics and blood viscosity changes in micro-vessels.
To develop simplified methods for analyzing RBC flow dynamics in micro-channel networks.
To investigate collective RBC behaviors in micro-channels under unsteady conditions.

Main Methods:

Utilized a simplified experimental setup for monitoring RBC flow in micro-channels.
Implemented a 2D image processing procedure based on digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV).
Analyzed RBC motion under free flow and externally applied pressure gradients.

Main Results:

Achieved qualitative and quantitative classification of RBC behaviors using advanced signal processing.
Dynamically characterized RBC velocities in both horizontal and vertical directions.
Interpreted results considering solution-particle interactions, particle-particle interactions, and pressure gradient forces.

Conclusions:

The developed method offers a proof of concept for a general-purpose microfluidic LOC device.
This approach facilitates in-vitro flow analysis of collective RBC behaviors.
The findings contribute to understanding blood non-Newtonian properties and emergent flow behaviors.