Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

1.3K
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
1.3K
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

1.8K
Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
1.8K
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

2.3K
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
2.3K
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

1.2K
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
1.2K
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

468
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
468
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

5.2K
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
5.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Distinct neural signatures of reward processing underlying bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging·2026
Same author

Mapping Open Chromatin in Trypanosoma brucei Using ATAC-Seq.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same author

vsgseq2: an updated pipeline for analysis of the diversity and abundance of population-wide Trypanosoma brucei VSG expression.

Wellcome open research·2026
Same author

Transformative land use change towards net zero: balancing emissions through woodland expansion and livestock reduction in Scotland.

The Science of the total environment·2025
Same author

Prejudice Formation in Childhood: How Parental Bonding Can Affect Social Dominance Orientation.

Brain sciences·2025
Same author

Epigenetic and Structural Brain Aging and Their Associations With Major Depressive Disorder.

Biological psychiatry global open science·2025
Same journal

Maternal folic acid modulates neurotrophins and behavior in an animal schizophrenia model.

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Single Ayahuasca administration attenuates alcohol relapse and associated behavioral, neurochemical, and oxidative alterations in rats.

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Altered dorsal striatal subregional connectivity associated with distinct executive function deficits in first-episode, drug-naïve major depressive disorder: Evidence from functional connectivity and granger causality analysis.

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Chronic pain and stress: unravelling the common neuroinflammatory, immune and endocrine mechanisms for novel therapeutic approaches.

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Predicting anhedonia and negative cognitive processing changes after 8-week SSRIs treatment in depression from individual differential structural covariance network.

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Mapping intrinsic neural timescale alterations in major depressive disorder.

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

7.9K

Compulsivity in opioid dependence.

Serenella Tolomeo1, Keith Matthews1, Douglas Steele1

  • 1School of Medicine (Neuroscience), Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
|September 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that higher compulsivity relative to impulsivity in abstinent opioid users is linked to reduced white matter volume near key brain reward areas. These findings highlight distinct neurobiological phenotypes in opioid dependence and abstinence.

More Related Videos

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
08:05

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

Published on: March 23, 2022

3.1K
A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats
04:11

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats

Published on: November 6, 2018

17.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

7.9K
A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
08:05

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

Published on: March 23, 2022

3.1K
A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats
04:11

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats

Published on: November 6, 2018

17.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Opioid dependence is a complex disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking.
  • Understanding the neural underpinnings of compulsivity versus impulsivity is crucial for addiction treatment.
  • Previous research suggests structural brain changes in individuals with opioid use disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between compulsivity, impulsivity, and structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) abnormalities in opioid dependence.
  • To explore the neural correlates of the compulsivity/impulsivity ratio in different opioid-dependent groups and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Structural MRI data were collected from 146 participants: opioid-dependent patients, methadone-maintained users, abstinent users, and healthy controls.
  • Compulsivity was assessed using the Intra/Extra-Dimensional (IED) Task.
  • Impulsivity was measured using the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT).

Main Results:

  • Compulsivity showed a significant negative association with impulsivity (p<0.02).
  • A higher compulsivity/impulsivity ratio correlated with reduced white matter volume adjacent to the nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, and rostral cingulate in abstinent users.
  • Longer duration of opioid exposure was associated with decreased grey matter volume in the bilateral globus pallidus.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support addiction models highlighting the roles of compulsivity and impulsivity in opioid dependence.
  • Results suggest distinct behavioral and biological phenotypes in opioid dependence and abstinence syndromes.
  • The study has implications for tailoring treatments for opioid dependence based on neurobiological profiles.