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Do bacteria shape our development? Crosstalk between intestinal microbiota and HPA axis.

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Summary

The gut microbiome and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis develop together early in life. Disruptions to either system can impact brain development, emotions, and behavior.

Keywords:
BrainDevelopmentHPA axisIntestinal microbiotaMicrobiota-gut-brain axisProbioticsSensitive periods

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The human gut hosts a vast bacterial population crucial for health and disease.
  • The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis regulates physiological stress responses and cortisol production.
  • Both the gut microbiota and HPA axis undergo significant development in early life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the developmental interplay between the gut microbiota and the HPA axis.
  • To understand the bidirectional communication between these systems.
  • To explore their roles in human functioning and psychopathology.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical review of existing scientific literature.
  • Synthesis of data on early life development and environmental influences.
  • Analysis of the connection between microbiota, HPA axis, and neurodevelopment.

Main Results:

  • Early life adversity impacts both the gut microbiota and HPA axis development.
  • Imbalances in these systems are linked to psychopathological behaviors.
  • The gut microbiota and HPA axis exhibit significant developmental crosstalk.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota and HPA axis are key interacting systems in early development.
  • Understanding their bidirectional communication is vital for human health.
  • This interaction influences emotional, behavioral, and cognitive functions.