Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Lethal Alleles

Lethal Alleles

Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Silver quantum dots in plasmonic photocatalysis: linking quantum confinement to structure-function relationships.

RSC advances·2026

Same author

Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots for Sensing and Optoelectronic Applications: From Fundamental Properties to Device Integration.

Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence·2026

Same author

A blockchain-enabled multi-objective reinforcement learning framework for secure energy- and time-efficient smart path planning in cloud environments.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Pioneering detonation pressure in energetic materials.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

SmartGridDrive: an integrated adaptive Q-learning framework for precision self-parking and reverse navigation in dynamic grid environments-a proof-of-concept study.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Hydrogel-based Advances in Dermatological Therapy: Insights from Patents and Clinical Research.

Reviews on recent clinical trials·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

A High-throughput-compatible FRET-based Platform for Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain Modulators

A High-throughput-compatible FRET-based Platform for Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain Modulators

Published on: December 27, 2013

Anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) neutralization by PA domain specific antisera.

Monika Verma¹, Nagendra Suryanarayana¹, Urmil Tuteja¹

¹Microbiology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474002, India.

Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology

|September 19, 2017

Summary

Researchers developed antibodies against protective antigen (PA) domains to neutralize anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx). Antisera targeting PA domain IV showed high efficiency in neutralizing LeTx, suggesting its therapeutic potential against anthrax.

Keywords:

Anthrax lethal toxin Lethal toxin neutralization MALDI –TOF PA domain specific antisera

More Related Videos

Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism and Function of Pore-Forming Toxins Using Leishmania major

Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism and Function of Pore-Forming Toxins Using Leishmania major

Published on: October 28, 2022

Visualization of Bacterial Toxin Induced Responses Using Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy

Visualization of Bacterial Toxin Induced Responses Using Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 1, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

A High-throughput-compatible FRET-based Platform for Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain Modulators

A High-throughput-compatible FRET-based Platform for Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain Modulators

Published on: December 27, 2013

Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism and Function of Pore-Forming Toxins Using Leishmania major

Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism and Function of Pore-Forming Toxins Using Leishmania major

Published on: October 28, 2022

Visualization of Bacterial Toxin Induced Responses Using Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy

Visualization of Bacterial Toxin Induced Responses Using Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 1, 2012

Area of Science:

Immunology
Microbiology
Toxicology

Background:

Anthrax toxicity in humans and animals is primarily caused by two exotoxins from Bacillus anthracis.
These exotoxins, lethal toxin (LeTx) and edema toxin (EdTx), are composed of protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF).
PA is a crucial component for forming both LeTx and EdTx, making it a target for therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the lethal toxin neutralization potential of polyclonal antisera generated against individual domains of the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA).
To identify specific PA domains that elicit antibodies capable of neutralizing anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx).

Main Methods:

Recombinant proteins of individual PA domains were produced in E. coli.
Polyclonal antisera were developed in mice against these recombinant PA domains.
Antibody titers and isotypes were determined by ELISA, and neutralization capacity was assessed using an in-vitro cell viability MTT assay against LeTx.

Main Results:

Antisera were generated against four domains of the protective antigen.
ELISA and Western blotting confirmed antibody presence and specificity.
The antiserum against PA domain IV demonstrated significant efficiency in neutralizing lethal toxin (LeTx) in vitro.
Antisera against other PA domains showed minimal to no LeTx neutralization.

Conclusions:

Antibodies targeting the protective antigen domain IV show promise as a potential therapeutic agent against anthrax lethal toxin.
Further exploration of anti-PA domain IV antibodies is warranted for developing novel anti-anthrax therapeutics, potentially in combination with antibiotics.