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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Isolation and Kv Channel Recordings in Murine Atrial and Ventricular Cardiomyocytes
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Midkine's Role in Cardiac Pathology.

Kathleen C Woulfe1, Carmen C Sucharov1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80045, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
|September 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Midkine (MDK) levels in heart failure (HF) are unclear. This review examines MDK

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Midkine (MDK) is a growth factor crucial for embryonic development.
  • MDK expression decreases with age but is upregulated in adult cardiovascular diseases like heart failure (HF).
  • The precise role of MDK in HF pathogenesis remains controversial, with conflicting evidence regarding its beneficial or detrimental effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and clarify the dual role of Midkine (MDK) in cardiovascular disease.
  • To differentiate the effects of circulating versus myocardial MDK in heart failure (HF).
  • To synthesize current knowledge on exogenous and endogenous MDK in cardiac disease models.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Midkine (MDK) in cardiovascular disease models.
Keywords:
cardiac pathologyheart failuremidkine

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  • Analysis of research differentiating serum MDK and myocardial MDK.
  • Examination of MDK's role in both pediatric and adult heart failure (HF) contexts.

    • Main Results:

    • Serum MDK is elevated in chronic heart failure (HF) and correlates with poorer cardiac function.
    • Pediatric HF patients exhibit higher myocardial MDK levels.
    • Conflicting data exists on whether MDK is protective or harmful in various HF models.

    Conclusions:

    • The role of Midkine (MDK) in heart failure (HF) requires further elucidation.
    • Distinguishing between circulating and local MDK effects is critical for understanding HF.
    • Future research should focus on clarifying MDK's specific functions in cardiac pathophysiology.