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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
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M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
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The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

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The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
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The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

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The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
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Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

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The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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The mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC): looking back and forth after 15 years.

Song-Tao Liu1, Hang Zhang1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA.

AIMS Molecular Science
|September 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) ensures accurate chromosome segregation by inhibiting the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C). Recent structural models clarify MCC:APC/C interactions, resolving long-standing questions about MCC function and regulation.

Keywords:
BUBR1CDC20MAD2anaphase promoting complex/cyclosomechromosome segregationmitotic checkpointmitotic checkpoint complexubiquitin ligase

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The mitotic checkpoint is crucial for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division.
  • It functions by forming the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which inhibits the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C).
  • Despite extensive research, ambiguities persist regarding MCC composition, assembly, inhibition, and disassembly mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify misconceptions surrounding the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC).
  • To synthesize current understanding of MCC structure, function, and dynamics.
  • To present a refined model for MCC regulation of CDC20 ubiquitination.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of recently published structural models of MCC:APC/C supra-complexes.
  • Critical evaluation of debated concepts and misconceptions in the field.

Main Results:

  • Recent high-resolution structural data provide insights into MCC:APC/C interactions.
  • A clearer picture of MCC composition, assembly, and inhibitory mechanisms is emerging.
  • Synthesized model addresses regulation of CDC20 ubiquitination by the MCC.

Conclusions:

  • Recent structural studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the mitotic checkpoint.
  • Addressing remaining misconceptions is vital for clear comprehension of MCC function.
  • Future research should focus on refining MCC dynamics and regulation, with careful consideration of existing data.