Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 22, 2026
04:48
Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
Published on: November 28, 2018
8.4K
Fast Virtual Fractional Flow Reserve Based Upon Steady-State Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis: Results From the
Paul D Morris1,2,3, Daniel Alejandro Silva Soto1,3, Jeroen F A Feher1
1Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
JACC. Basic to Translational Science
|September 19, 2017
Summary
A new virtual fractional flow reserve (vFFR) analysis offers a faster, accurate method for assessing coronary artery disease. This computational fluid dynamics approach, using angiographic images, provides results quickly, potentially improving percutaneous intervention guidance.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular medicine
- Medical imaging
- Computational fluid dynamics
Background:
- Fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is clinically superior to standard angiography but is underutilized.
- Current FFR methods can be time-consuming and invasive.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and validate a novel "pseudotransient" analysis protocol for computing virtual fractional flow reserve (vFFR).
- To assess the speed and accuracy of vFFR compared to traditional methods.
Main Methods:
- Development of a "pseudotransient" analysis protocol using angiographic images and steady-state computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
- Comparison of vFFR results with full-transient CFD analysis.
- Sensitivity analysis to determine factors influencing physiological lesion significance.
Main Results:
- The vFFR protocol generated results in 189 seconds on a desktop PC, significantly faster than traditional transient analysis (>24 hours).
- vFFR demonstrated <1% error compared to full-transient CFD analysis.
- Microvascular physiology (59%) was a greater determinant of lesion significance than coronary or lesion anatomy (33%).
Conclusions:
- The novel vFFR analysis provides a rapid and accurate method for assessing coronary lesions.
- Accurate vFFR computation is feasible with estimated coronary microvascular resistance, offering a faster alternative to invasive measurements.
Keywords:
CAD, coronary artery diseaseCAG, coronary angiographyCFD, computational fluid dynamicsCMV, coronary microvasculatureFFR, fractional flow reservePCI, percutaneous coronary interventionRoCA, rotational coronary angiographycomputational fluid dynamicscoronary artery diseasecoronary microvascular physiologycoronary modellingcoronary physiologyfractional flow reservemFFR, invasively measured fractional flow reservevFFR, virtual fractional flow reservevFFRps-trns, virtual fractional flow reserve computed with the pseudotransient steady-state methodvFFRsteady, virtual fractional flow reserve computed with steady-state CFD analysis and cycle mean valuesvFFRtrns, virtual fractional flow reserve computed with full transient CFDvirtual fractional flow reserve
Related Concept Videos
01:24Rapidly Varying Flow
544
Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
544
01:24Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow
782
The fast decoupled power flow method addresses contingencies in power system operations, such as generator outages or transmission line failures. This method provides quick power flow solutions, essential for real-time system adjustments. Fast decoupled power flow algorithms simplify the Jacobian matrix by neglecting certain elements, leading to two sets of decoupled equations:
782
01:30Typical Model Studies
648
Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
648
01:17Accelerating Fluids
2.3K
When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:
2.3K
01:27Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream
802
Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
802
01:30Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline
1.6K
Bernoulli's equation relates the energy conservation in a fluid moving along a streamline. The equation applies to incompressible and inviscid fluids under steady flow. For such a flow, Newton's second law is applied to a small fluid element, which experiences forces due to pressure differences, gravity, and velocity variations. The force balance leads to the following form of Bernoulli's equation:
1.6K