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Related Concept Videos

Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Bolus Administration01:18

Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Bolus Administration

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The two-compartment model for intravenous (IV) bolus administration illustrates drug distribution in the body, subdividing it into central and peripheral compartments. This model operates on the concept of two-compartment kinetics. The drug's plasma concentration shows a bi-exponential decline following IV bolus administration, signaling the presence of two disposition processes: distribution and elimination.
The disparity between drug input and the sum of drug transfer rates between...
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One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations01:19

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations

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The one-compartment model is a pharmacokinetic tool that models the body as a single, uniform compartment, facilitating the understanding of drug distribution and elimination. This model is particularly beneficial for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, where the drug rapidly circulates throughout the body.
The drug's presence in the body is defined by an equation representing the difference between the rates of drug entry and exit. Key parameters—elimination rate constant,...
793
One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: Estimation of Elimination Rate Constant, Half-Life and Volume of Distribution01:09

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: Estimation of Elimination Rate Constant, Half-Life and Volume of Distribution

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The one-compartment open model is a simplified approach used in pharmacokinetics to understand the distribution and elimination of a drug administered through an intravenous bolus. This model assumes rapid drug dispersal throughout the body and elimination using a first-order process. Key pharmacokinetic parameters, such as the elimination rate constant (k), half-life (t1/2), and the apparent volume of distribution (Vd), can be estimated from this model. The elimination rate is calculated...
946
One-Compartment Model: IV Infusion01:09

One-Compartment Model: IV Infusion

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Intravenous (IV) infusion is often utilized when continuous and controlled drug delivery is necessary, such as during surgery or in the treatment of chronic diseases. This method offers numerous advantages, including immediate drug action, precise control over dosage, and bypassing the first-pass metabolism.
The one-compartment model for IV infusion uses mathematical equations to describe the rate of change in drug quantity in the body. At steady-state or infusion equilibrium, the drug input...
567
Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model01:20

Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model

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The two-compartment model divides the body into central and peripheral compartments to account for varying blood perfusion rates among organs and tissues, affecting drug distribution. The central compartment includes blood and highly perfused tissues with rapid drug distribution, while the peripheral compartment contains tissues with slower drug distribution. After a single IV bolus dose, the drug concentration is high in plasma and low in tissues. The drug distribution between compartments...
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One-Compartment Open Model: Urinary Excretion Data and Determination of k01:11

One-Compartment Open Model: Urinary Excretion Data and Determination of k

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The one-compartment open model leverages urinary excretion data to estimate renal clearance, which gauges the kidney's capacity to expel a drug. This method offers several benefits, including directly measuring drug elimination and assessing the kidney's contribution to overall drug clearance. However, this approach has limitations. It assumes sole renal excretion of the drug, which is not true for all drugs. Accurate urinary excretion and plasma drug concentration measurement can also...
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Related Experiment Video

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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An age-specific biokinetic model for iodine.

Rich Leggett1

  • 1Environmental Sciences Division, Building 1505, Room 380, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America.

Journal of Radiological Protection : Official Journal of the Society for Radiological Protection
|September 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study enhances the human iodine biokinetic model for pediatric ages, offering a more detailed understanding of iodine

Area of Science:

  • Radiological physics
  • Human biokinetics
  • Nuclear medicine

Background:

  • Existing models for systemic iodine biokinetics in humans lack detailed age-specific parameters, particularly for pre-adults.
  • The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 56 provides a current age-specific model for iodine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review age-specific biokinetic data for iodine in humans.
  • To extend an existing systemic iodine biokinetic model to pre-adult ages.
  • To compare the predictions of the enhanced model with the current ICRP model.

Main Methods:

  • Review of age-specific human biokinetic data for iodine.
  • Extension of a previously published systemic iodine biokinetic model to include pre-adult age groups.

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  • Comparative analysis of radiation dose predictions between the new model and the ICRP model.

    • Main Results:

    • The enhanced model provides a more detailed description of iodine behavior in the human body.
    • Moderately higher thyroid doses are predicted for short-lived iodine isotopes compared to the ICRP model.
    • Substantially higher doses to salivary glands, stomach wall, liver, and kidneys are predicted for most iodine isotopes.

    Conclusions:

    • The enhanced age-specific biokinetic model for iodine offers improved accuracy for dose assessment in humans, especially for pediatric populations.
    • The model highlights potential underestimation of doses to certain organs by current ICRP guidelines for specific iodine isotopes.
    • Further refinement of biokinetic models is crucial for accurate radiation dose estimations across all age groups.