Computer-Aided Identification and Lead Optimization of Dual Murine Double Minute 2 and 4 Binders: Structure-Activity

Mariateresa Giustiniano1, Simona Daniele2, Sveva Pelliccia1

  • 1Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy.

Insights

Researchers developed dual MDM2/MDM4 inhibitors to overcome resistance to cancer therapies. Compound 12 effectively inhibits cancer cell proliferation and cancer stem cell growth, offering a promising new therapeutic strategy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • The p53 protein, or "genome guardian", is crucial for preventing cancer.
  • Overexpression of MDM2 (murine double minute 2) protein inhibits p53.
  • MDM2 inhibitors can increase MDM4 levels, leading to therapeutic resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel dual inhibitors targeting both MDM2 and MDM4.
  • To develop compounds that overcome resistance associated with MDM2-selective inhibitors.

Main Methods:

  • Receptor-based virtual screening of an in-house compound database.
  • Synthesis and optimization of identified lead compounds.
  • In vitro assays to determine inhibitory concentrations (IC50) against MDM2 and MDM4.
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies and Glide docking for binding confirmation.
  • Cell proliferation assays in neuroblastoma cell lines and cancer stem cells.

Main Results:

  • Virtual screening identified initial dual MDM2/MDM4 binders, with Compound 1 showing nanomolar activity.
  • Optimization led to Compound 12, exhibiting low nanomolar IC50 values for both MDM2 and MDM4.
  • NMR and docking studies confirmed Compound 12's binding site.
  • Compound 12 demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of neuroblastoma cell proliferation (IC50 = 356 ± 21 nM).
  • Compound 12 effectively inhibited cancer stem cell growth.

Conclusions:

  • Dual MDM2/MDM4 inhibition is a viable strategy to overcome resistance to MDM2-targeted therapies.
  • Compound 12 represents a potent dual inhibitor with significant anti-proliferative and anti-cancer stem cell activity.
  • This research offers a promising new avenue for developing novel cancer therapeutics.