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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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Associations Among Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, and Fibroblast Growth Factor-21

T Trakarnvanich1, S Prommool1, S Kurathong1

  • 1Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Transplantation Proceedings
|September 20, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular disease remains a risk after kidney transplants. Arterial stiffness (CAVI) and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) were studied, but only CAVI showed links to carotid intima-media thickness and hemoglobin.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, persisting even post-renal transplantation.
  • Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) measures arterial stiffness, while fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) may indicate atherosclerotic disease.
  • This study explored the relationship between CAVI, FGF-21, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and other cardiovascular risk factors in renal transplant recipients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between CAVI and FGF-21 in renal transplant patients.
  • To examine the relationship of CAVI and FGF-21 with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT).
  • To assess correlations with other cardiovascular risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • The study included 90 renal transplant patients.
  • Data collected included CAVI, echocardiograms, homocysteine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, carotid IMT, FGF-21, and CVD incidence.
  • Statistical correlation analyses were performed.

Main Results:

  • CAVI was higher in older patients and correlated positively with carotid IMT and negatively with hemoglobin.
  • No association was found between CAVI and FGF-21 or other parameters.
  • FGF-21 correlated positively with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and negatively with renal function.
  • Higher body mass index and carotid IMT were linked to increased cardiovascular events.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular risk factors persist after renal transplantation, irrespective of arterial stiffness.
  • Close cardiac monitoring and risk-factor modification are essential post-transplantation.
  • The study highlights the ongoing need for cardiovascular surveillance in renal transplant recipients.
Abstract

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