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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
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Subviral Agents01:29

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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Preparation of Quality Inositol Pyrophosphates
10:34

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Published on: September 3, 2011

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[PSI+] prion propagation is controlled by inositol polyphosphates.

Reed B Wickner1, Amy C Kelly2, Evgeny E Bezsonov2

  • 1Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 wickner@helix.nih.gov.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Yeast prions like [PSI+] require specific inositol polyphosphates for propagation. Siw14p and Arg82p play key roles in maintaining these prion states by influencing inositol phosphate levels.

Keywords:
Arg82Siw14[PSI+]inositol polyphosphateprion

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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae
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High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular genetics

Background:

  • Yeast prions, such as [PSI+] and [URE3], are self-propagating protein aggregates formed by Sup35p and Ure2p.
  • These prions adopt a folded in-register parallel beta-sheet amyloid structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify cellular factors that regulate yeast prion propagation.
  • To investigate the role of inositol polyphosphates in maintaining the [PSI+] prion state.

Main Methods:

  • Screening for antiprion systems that cure [PSI+].
  • Genetic analysis of yeast mutants affecting inositol phosphate metabolism.
  • Biochemical characterization of Siw14p activity.

Main Results:

  • Siw14p was identified as an antiprion element that cures [PSI+] variants.
  • Loss of ARG82, encoding inositol polyphosphate multikinase, led to the loss of [PSI+].
  • Inositol polyphosphates, including inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) or 5-diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (5PP-IP4), are essential for [PSI+] propagation.

Conclusions:

  • Yeast prion propagation, particularly [PSI+], is dependent on specific inositol poly-/pyrophosphates.
  • Siw14p and Arg82p are crucial regulators of these essential inositol phosphate metabolites.
  • These findings reveal a novel link between inositol phosphate metabolism and prion biology.