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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Advanced Materials Based on Polymers and Ionic Liquids.

Yuzo Kitazawa1, Kazuhide Ueno1, Masayoshi Watanabe1

  • 1Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwa-dai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.

Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.)
|September 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic liquids (ILs) and polymers combine to create advanced ion gels. These novel materials offer tunable properties for electrolytes in electrochemical devices like batteries and fuel cells.

Keywords:
Ionic liquidselectrochemical materialsnanoparticlespolymersthermo-sensitive materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are molten salts with unique properties.
  • Polymers offer mechanical stability.
  • Combining ILs and polymers creates advanced functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advanced materials composed of ILs and polymers.
  • To establish a design protocol for novel materials.
  • To explore ion gels as electrolytes for electrochemical devices.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing micro-phase separation of block copolymers and colloidal arrays in ILs.
  • Designing task-specific ILs for tailored ion gel properties.
  • Incorporating thermo- and photo-responsive polymers.

Main Results:

  • Ion gels exhibit functional properties of ILs and mechanical consistency of polymers.
  • Resultant ion gels are suitable electrolytes for actuators, fuel cells, and secondary batteries.
  • Thermo- and photo-responsive polymers enable stimuli-induced self-assembly changes.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced ion gels offer a new platform for electrochemical device electrolytes.
  • Molecular design of ILs and polymer choice are key to material function.
  • Stimuli-responsive ion gels can be used for sol-gel transitions and self-healing materials.