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Lower Extremity Abnormalities in Children.

Caitlyn M Rerucha1, Caleb Dickison1, Drew C Baird1

  • 1Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Fort Hood, TX, USA.

American Family Physician
|September 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most childhood leg and foot problems, like intoeing and bowlegs, are normal variations that resolve on their own. Evaluation typically requires only a physical exam, with surgery rarely needed for severe cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Leg and foot problems are common in children, causing parental concern.
  • Rotational issues (intoeing, out-toeing) and angular issues (bowleg, knock knee) are frequent presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common childhood lower extremity abnormalities.
  • To outline diagnostic approaches and management strategies for these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical history and physical examination, including torsional profile tests and angular measurements.
  • Review of typical findings and natural resolution patterns.

Main Results:

  • Most children exhibit normal rotational and angular findings within two standard deviations of the mean.
  • Lower extremity abnormalities within normal measurements typically resolve spontaneously.
  • Radiologic studies and orthotics are generally not required; orthopedic referral is often unnecessary.

Conclusions:

  • Many childhood leg and foot problems are benign and self-limiting.
  • Conservative management with observation is usually sufficient.
  • Surgery is reserved for severe, dysfunctional deformities in older children.