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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

31.1K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

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Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

48.9K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

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Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
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Related Experiment Video

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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Fluorite-type coordination compound as iodide ion conductor: crystal structure and ionic conductivity.

Xin Chen1, Chen Xue, Shao-Xian Liu

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China. xmren@njtech.edu.cn.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|September 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new fluorite-type coordination compound, [Mn(en)3]I2, as a solid state electrolyte. This material shows a significant five-orders-of-magnitude increase in ionic conductivity with temperature, paving the way for advanced electrochemical devices.

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Solid-state electrolytes are crucial for all-solid-state electrochemical devices.
  • There is a continuous demand for novel solid-state electrolyte materials with improved performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a new fluorite-type coordination compound for potential use as a solid-state electrolyte.
  • To investigate the structural and ionic conductivity properties of the synthesized material.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical synthesis and characterization (microanalysis, IR spectroscopy, TGA, DSC).
  • Single crystal X-ray diffraction for structural analysis.
  • Impedance spectroscopy and electric modulus analysis to determine ionic conductivity.

Main Results:

  • A fluorite-type coordination compound, [Mn(en)3]I2, was successfully synthesized and characterized.
  • X-ray diffraction confirmed a 3D network structure with iodide ions in cavities.
  • Ionic conductivity increased by five orders of magnitude from 3.45 × 10^-11 S cm^-1 at 303 K to 1.37 × 10^-6 S cm^-1 at 423 K.
  • Electric modulus analysis indicated iodide ion migration as the primary conduction mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized [Mn(en)3]I2 exhibits promising ionic conductivity, particularly at elevated temperatures.
  • This study demonstrates the potential of coordination compounds as a new class of ion conductors.
  • The findings open avenues for designing novel solid-state electrolytes based on coordination chemistry.