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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
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Oral Cavity01:11

Oral Cavity

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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry
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Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry

Published on: June 6, 2025

379

Tooth colour and whiteness: A review.

Andrew Joiner1, Wen Luo1

  • 1Unilever Oral Care, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW, UK.

Journal of Dentistry
|September 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Tooth color and whiteness significantly impact perceptions of personality and attractiveness. Advances in color science and measurement tools allow for precise, reproducible assessment of dental aesthetics.

Area of Science:

  • Dental Aesthetics
  • Color Science
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Tooth appearance and color are significant patient concerns, driving demand for aesthetic dental treatments like tooth whitening.
  • Patient desire for improved dental aesthetics, particularly tooth whiteness, is prevalent across diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on applying color science to tooth color and whiteness.
  • To explore the description, measurement, distribution, and psychological impact of tooth color and whiteness.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of Scopus database using keywords: tooth, teeth, color, white, whiteness.
  • Inclusion of original studies and reviews in English; exclusion of conference papers and abstracts.
Keywords:
AestheticsBleachingPerceptionTooth whitening

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Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry
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Main Results:

  • Color science enables precise description and instrumental measurement (spectrophotometers, colorimeters) of tooth color and whiteness.
  • Tooth color distribution generally varies with age and gender, but not ethnicity.
  • Whitened teeth positively influence judgments of personality traits, social competence, and attractiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Precise quantification of tooth color and whiteness is achievable through advanced measurement techniques.
  • Aesthetic dental concerns, especially tooth whiteness, are widespread and influence patient desires for treatment.
  • Enhanced tooth whiteness positively correlates with perceived positive personality traits and social appeal.