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Tissue Engineering to Repair Diaphragmatic Defect in a Rat Model.

G P Liao¹, Y Choi^1,2, K Vojnits^1,2

¹Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas, McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Stem Cells International

|September 21, 2017

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This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue engineering using decellularized diaphragm scaffolds and human amniotic fluid-derived multipotent stromal cells (hAFMSC) improved diaphragm repair. The combined construct accelerated functional recovery in diaphragmatic hernia models.

Area of Science:

Regenerative Medicine
Biomaterials Science
Stem Cell Biology

Background:

Tissue engineering offers a promising strategy for repairing damaged tissues and organs.
Diaphragmatic hernias present a significant clinical challenge requiring effective repair methods.
Decellularized scaffolds combined with stem cells are being explored for tissue regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of decellularized rat diaphragm scaffolds combined with human amniotic fluid-derived multipotent stromal cells (hAFMSC) for diaphragmatic repair.
To assess the structural and functional recovery of diaphragmatic defects using a novel scaffold-stem cell construct.
To determine if hAFMSC-seeded scaffolds enhance tissue ingrowth and regeneration compared to scaffolds alone.

Main Methods:

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Decellularization of rat diaphragm tissue to create biological scaffolds.
Isolation and expansion of human amniotic fluid-derived multipotent stromal cells (hAFMSC).
Development of a cell infusion system for embedding hAFMSC into scaffolds.
Surgical creation of left-sided diaphragmatic defects in rats and implantation of composite tissues (scaffold + hAFMSC) or scaffolds alone (control).
Assessment of physiological function and muscular-tendon structure post-implantation.

Main Results:

Composite tissues with hAFMSC demonstrated improved physiological function compared to controls.
Enhanced muscular-tendon structure was observed in the hAFMSC-treated group.
The native contralateral hemidiaphragm served as a benchmark for functional comparison.
Decellularized diaphragm scaffolds provided structural support for tissue regeneration.

Conclusions:

Decellularized diaphragm scaffolds are a viable biomaterial for diaphragmatic hernia repair.
Composite grafts combining scaffolds with hAFMSC significantly accelerate functional recovery.
This tissue engineering approach holds potential for improving outcomes in diaphragmatic hernia treatment.